IFN-β and multiple sclerosis: from etiology to therapy and back

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Immunology
• Virology

Background:

• Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) has several immunomodulatory treatments.
• Interferon beta (IFN) was the first disease-modifying therapy and remains a widely used first-line treatment for RRMS.
• Despite its long history, IFN-β's efficacy and safety profile continue to support its use in MS management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the historical use of type I interferon (IFN) in multiple sclerosis (MS).
• To examine the impact of IFN treatment on potential viral etiologic factors in MS.
• To re-evaluate the connection between MS etiology and IFN therapy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on interferon beta in multiple sclerosis.
• Analysis of the antiviral properties of IFN and their relevance to MS.
• Examination of evidence supporting a viral role in the etiology of MS.

Main Results:

• Interferon beta (IFN) is a well-established first-line treatment for RRMS with a good benefit/risk ratio.
• Recent advancements include PEGylated IFN-β 1a (Plegridy®), offering a longer half-life and improved patient convenience.
• Growing evidence suggests a potential viral etiology for MS, aligning with IFN's antiviral mechanisms.

Conclusions:

• Interferon beta remains a cornerstone therapy for RRMS, with ongoing innovation improving its application.
• The antiviral effects of IFN provide a rationale for its use, particularly given the suspected viral triggers of MS.
• A comprehensive understanding of MS etiology, including viral factors, is crucial for refining and optimizing IFN-based therapeutic strategies.