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Estradiol and catecholestradiols as possible genotoxic carcinogens
C H van Aswegen1, L B Nieuwoudt, H G van Rensburg
1Wolmarans Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Clinical Physiology and Biochemistry
|January 1, 1989
Summary
Estradiol and its metabolites, catecholestradiols, are identified as potential genotoxic carcinogens. This reevaluation suggests they may act as tumor inducers, challenging previous classifications.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Toxicology
- Molecular Carcinogenesis
Background:
- Estradiol and estrogens were traditionally considered tumor promoters, not genotoxic carcinogens.
- The multistage process of carcinogenesis involves complex interactions with cellular mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To reexamine the carcinogenic status of estradiol and catecholestradiols (2-OHE2, 4-OHE2).
- To assess their genotoxic potential using newly developed bacterial assays.
Main Methods:
- Utilized the Chromotest, a bacterial assay for genotoxic carcinogens.
- Conducted studies on Escherichia coli to confirm genotoxicity findings.
Main Results:
- Estradiol and catecholestradiols demonstrated biphasic and potential genotoxic carcinogen activity.
- Significant SOS-inducing potency values were recorded: E2 (43,265), 2-OHE2 (30,153), and 4-OHE2 (68,939).
- Escherichia coli studies confirmed increased cell number and DNA content in the presence of these estrogens.
Conclusions:
- Estradiol and catecholestradiols are proposed as possible genotoxic carcinogens.
- These compounds likely function as tumor inducers rather than tumor promoters.