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The human lysozyme gene. Sequence organization and chromosomal localization.

C W Peters1, U Kruse, R Pollwein

  • 1Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie, Universität Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany.

European Journal of Biochemistry
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Researchers characterized the human lysozyme gene, revealing its structure and chromosomal location. This gene

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Human Genomics

Background:

  • Lysozyme is a crucial enzyme involved in innate immunity.
  • Understanding the human lysozyme gene structure provides insights into its regulation and function.
  • Previous studies have characterized lysozyme genes in other species, but the human gene's detailed organization was less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize the complete human lysozyme gene.
  • To determine the nucleotide sequence and structural organization of the human lysozyme gene.
  • To investigate the expression of the human lysozyme gene in various human cell lines and assign its locus to a specific chromosome.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of genomic lambda-phage clones and a human placenta cDNA clone.

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  • Determination of nucleotide sequences for the structural gene and cDNA.
  • Analysis of gene organization, including exons, introns, and repetitive elements.
  • Detection of lysozyme transcripts using Northern blotting in myeloid and hepatoma cell lines.
  • Chromosomal assignment using human-rodent somatic cell hybrid DNA panels.

    • Main Results:

    • The human lysozyme gene spans 5856 bp with four exons and three introns, showing homology to chicken lysozyme and human alpha-lactalbumin genes.
    • Four Alu repetitive elements were identified within the human lysozyme gene.
    • Lysozyme transcripts (1.6 kb and 0.6 kb) were detected in human myeloid cell lines (U-937, HL-60, THP-1) and unexpectedly in hepatoma cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B).
    • The human lysozyme gene locus was mapped to chromosome 12.

    Conclusions:

    • The human lysozyme gene exhibits a conserved structure with genes from other species, with variations in intron size and 3' non-coding regions.
    • The presence of Alu elements suggests potential roles in gene regulation or evolution.
    • Unexpected expression in hepatoma cell lines warrants further investigation into the lysozyme gene's broader biological roles.
    • The assignment to chromosome 12 provides a crucial anchor for further genetic and functional studies of human lysozyme.