The severity of abortion complications in Malawi

To assess the severity of abortion complications in Malawi and to determine associated risk factors.

Between July 20 and September 13, 2009, a cross-sectional survey was conducted at 166 facilities providing postabortion care services. Data were collected for all women with an incomplete, inevitable, missed, complete, or septic abortion. Weighted percentages were calculated to obtain national estimates.

In total, 2067 women met the inclusion criteria. Estimates suggest that 80.9% of women who presented for postabortion care in Malawi in 2009 were married and 64.8% were from rural areas. One-quarter (27.4%) presented with severe or moderate morbidity. Sepsis (13.7%), retained products of conception (12.7%), and fever (12.3%) were the most common complications. The case fatality rate was 387 deaths per 100 000 postabortion care procedures. Women with severe or moderate complications were significantly more likely to be from rural areas than from urban areas; to have reported interfering with their pregnancy; and to be separated, divorced, or widowed than to be single.

In 2009, many women seeking postabortion care in Malawi presented with complications. Advocacy is needed to influence policies that will allow expanded access to safe abortion services for women of all ages and in all areas.