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Updated: Apr 20, 2026
Characterization of a Novel Human Organotypic Retinal Culture Technique
Published on: June 9, 2021
Expression of intraocular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in patients with proliferative diabetic
Takashi Katome1, Kazuhiko Namekata2, Yoshinori Mitamura3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan; Visual Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Aims:
To determine whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which is recognized as a component of the exosomes circulating in plasma, is expressed intraocularly in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
Methods:
The concentrations of PPARγ and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the aqueous humor and vitreous of 50 eyes with PDR and 38 control eyes were determined by ELISA. The levels of the mRNA and protein of PPARγ were determined in proliferative membranes from 12 PDR and 5 control eyes by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses.
Results:
PPARγ was detected in the culture media of human umbilical vein endothelial cells indicating that PPARγ can be released into the extracellular fluid. The PPARγ concentrations in the aqueous humor and vitreous fluid were significantly higher in PDR patients than in controls (P<0.0005). There was a significant positive correlation between the PPARγ and VEGF concentrations (P<0.0005). The level of PPARγ increased as the clinical stage advanced. The expressions of the mRNA and protein of PPARγ were higher in the membranes of PDR than those of controls. Anti-VEGF therapy significantly reduced the VEGF concentration (P<0.0001) but not the PPARγ concentration.
Conclusions:
PPARγ may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PDR.
