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Mechanism of Angiogenesis

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Blood vessel formation starts early during embryonic development, around day 7. In the extraembryonic yolk sac, mesodermal precursor cells called hemangioblast proliferate and differentiate into angioblast. Angioblasts express vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 or VEGFR2, which binds VEGF-A, a proangiogenic factor, guiding blood vessel formation. VEGF signaling promotes angioblasts to form a blood island in the developing embryo. Angioblasts further differentiate, giving rise to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

In Vitro Three-Dimensional Sprouting Assay of Angiogenesis Using Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells for Vascular Disease Modeling and Drug Testing

Published on: May 11, 2021

Investigating in vitro angiogenesis by computer-assisted image analysis and computational simulation.

Diego Guidolin¹, Caterina Fede, Giovanna Albertin

¹Department of Molecular Medicine, Section of Anatomy, University of Padova, via Gabelli 65, 35121, Padova, Italy, diego.guidolin@unipd.it.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|December 4, 2014

Summary

This study details an in vitro assay using basement membrane matrix (Matrigel) to observe endothelial cell (EC) self-organization into capillary-like structures. This method aids in identifying pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors for vascular research.

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Published on: May 13, 2019

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Cell Biology
Angiogenesis Research

Background:

In vitro assays are crucial for studying endothelial cell (EC) self-organization into vascular patterns.
Basement membrane matrix (Matrigel) provides a suitable environment to induce an angiogenic phenotype in cultured ECs.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a widely applied protocol for inducing EC differentiation on Matrigel.
To highlight the utility of this model for identifying pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors.
To discuss the application of computer-assisted image analysis for quantifying cell patterns.

Main Methods:

Utilizing basement membrane matrix (Matrigel) to culture endothelial cells (ECs).
Inducing an angiogenic phenotype in ECs.
Employing computer-assisted image analysis for morphological quantification of cell patterns.
Integrating computational modeling with in vitro experiments.

Main Results:

The Matrigel assay effectively recapitulates key steps of blood vessel formation in vitro.
Morphological features of EC self-organization can be accurately quantified.
Combined in vitro experiments and computational modeling offer insights into EC coordination.

Conclusions:

The described in vitro assay is a reliable tool for identifying factors influencing angiogenesis.
Understanding EC self-organization dynamics requires integrating experimental and computational approaches.
This model facilitates the study of vascular development and the identification of therapeutic targets.