Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 20, 2026
05:40
The Motivation for Alcohol Reward: Predictors of Progressive-Ratio Intravenous Alcohol Self-Administration in Humans
Published on: April 28, 2022
3.9K
The alcohol purchase task in young men from the general population
Nicolas Bertholet1, James G Murphy2, Jean-Bernard Daeppen1
1Alcohol Treatment Center, Department of Community Medicine and Health, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
|December 4, 2014
Summary
The alcohol purchase task (APT) effectively measured alcohol demand in a large sample of young men. These demand measures correlate with alcohol use and alcohol use disorder criteria, suggesting clinical utility.
Area of Science:
- Addiction research
- Behavioral economics
- Public health
Background:
- The alcohol purchase task (APT) measures alcohol demand but hasn't been widely used in general population samples.
- Previous studies utilized APT in student and small clinical groups.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the utility of the APT in a large, general population sample of young men.
- To characterize alcohol demand patterns and their relationship with alcohol use and disorder criteria.
Main Methods:
- Administered the APT to 4790 young men reporting alcohol use in the past year.
- Collected data on past 12-month alcohol use, DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD) criteria, and alcohol-related consequences.
Main Results:
- Average planned consumption (intensity) was 8.7 drinks when free. Maximum expenditure (Omax) exceeded 35CHF; demand became elastic (Pmax) at 8.4CHF.
- Consumption was suppressed at a mean price of 15.6CHF. Exponential equation fit individual responses well (mean R²=0.8).
- Demand intensity correlated with alcohol use, AUD criteria, and consequences (r≥0.3, p<0.0001). Omax correlated with alcohol use (p<0.0001).
Conclusions:
- APT measures are valuable for characterizing alcohol demand in young men from the general population.
- Alcohol demand parameters may serve as a clinically useful indicator of motivation for alcohol use in broader populations.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:03Mass Spectrometry: Alcohol Fragmentation
4.9K
Alcohols (R-OH) ionize to lose one non-bonded electron from the oxygen atom, forming molecular ions. Due to their tendency to fragment rapidly, the intensity of the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum is weak or sometimes absent. The fragmentation patterns for alcohols occur in two ways, i.e. ⍺-cleavage and dehydration. During ⍺-cleavage, the bond at the ⍺-position adjacent to the hydroxyl group cleaves to give a resonance-stabilized cation and a radical. However,...
4.9K
02:31Protection of Alcohols
8.2K
This lesson delves into the concept of protection and deprotection of a functional group fundamental to synthetic organic chemistry. These phenomena are explained in the context of aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
Protection
It defines a protecting group as the masking agent to make the more reactive species inert to a given set of conditions. This concept is depicted via the illustration of liquid flow through different outlets in an assembly of pipes. The analogy helps to understand the role...
8.2K
01:16Hypothesis Test for Test of Independence
8.4K
The test of independence is a chi-square-based test used to determine whether two variables or factors are independent or dependent. This hypothesis test is used to examine the independence of the variables. One can construct two qualitative survey questions or experiments based on the variables in a contingency table. The goal is to see if the two variables are unrelated (independent) or related (dependent). The null and alternative hypotheses for this test are:
H0: The two variables (factors)...
H0: The two variables (factors)...
8.4K
02:23Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction
13.3K
Reduction is a simple strategy to convert a carbonyl group to a hydroxyl group. The three major pathways to reduce carbonyls to alcohols are catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, and borane reduction.
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat...
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat...
13.3K
01:27CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine
1.7K
Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
1.7K
02:15Preparation of Alcohols via Addition Reactions
8.3K
Overview
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
The acid-catalyzed addition of water to the double bond of alkenes is a large-scale industrial method used to synthesize low-molecular-weight alcohols. An acidic atmosphere is required to allow the hydrogen in the water molecule to act as an electrophile and attack the double bond in an alkene. The addition of a proton to the double bond creates a carbocation intermediate. The proton preferentially bonds to the less substituted end of the double bond to create a more stable carbocation...
8.3K