Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction01:25

Diabetic Ketoacidosis l: Introduction

4
DefinitionDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is an acute, life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus, characterized by a triad of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >250 mg/dL), ketonemia or ketonuria, and metabolic acidosis (arterial pH <7.30 and serum bicarbonate <18 mEq/L). It results from insulin deficiency combined with elevated levels of counterregulatory hormones—glucagon, catecholamines, cortisol, and growth hormone—leading to increased lipolysis, hepatic...
4
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Diabetic Ketoacidosis ll: Pathophysiology

1
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a metabolic emergency characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis. It results from severe insulin deficiency and an excess of counterregulatory hormones, leading to uncontrolled lipolysis, ketogenesis, and widespread electrolyte and fluid disturbances.Pathophysiology The central event in DKA is a profound loss of insulin action. Without insulin, glucose uptake in insulin-dependent tissues is impaired, while hepatic glucose production...
1
Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis

1.7K
Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2  and...
1.7K
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

2.9K
For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
2.9K
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

4
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...
4
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

6
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
6

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The impact of frailty on glycaemic control in older adults with type 1 diabetes: An observational study.

Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association·2026
Same author

The Association Between Ambient Temperature and Hypoglycemia in People Living With Type 1 Diabetes: A Case Time Series Analysis Using Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring.

Diabetes care·2026
Same author

Embedding ethics into Genomics England's Generation Study.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

The role of molecular diagnostics in pleural empyema: insights from a 4-year analysis of microbial trends and antimicrobial use.

Journal of medical microbiology·2025
Same author

Hepatitis B reactivation following switch away from tenofovir-containing anti-retroviral therapy in people living with HIV: A case series and lessons for practice.

Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·2025
Same author

Institutional Abuse, Neglect and Harm in UK Community Mental Health Services: A Scoping Review of the Peer-Reviewed Evidence.

Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
07:22

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

1.2K

When to suspect 'funny' diabetes.

Paul Grant1, Anand Velusamy2, Ellen Thomas3

  • 1Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK drpaul.grant@doctors.org.uk.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|December 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recognizing less common diabetes types beyond type 1 and type 2 is crucial for general physicians. Careful patient history, including clinical features and family history, aids in identifying these alternative diabetes mellitus forms.

Keywords:
Maturity onset of the youngketosis prone type 2 diabeteslatent autoimmune diabetes of adult onsetmolecular geneticsmonogenic diabetes

More Related Videos

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
06:59

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Published on: November 13, 2016

11.6K
Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas
04:41

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas

Published on: July 25, 2025

1.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes
07:22

Glycemic Impact on Knee Osteoarthritis Symptoms on Physical, Radiographic, and Inflammatory Markers among Individuals Aged 50 and Over with Diabetes

Published on: March 7, 2025

1.2K
Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
06:59

Characterization of Metabolic Status in Nonhuman Primates with the Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

Published on: November 13, 2016

11.6K
Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas
04:41

Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion via Perfusion through the Mice Vasculature with an Intact Pancreas

Published on: July 25, 2025

1.2K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus presents in various forms, with type 1 and type 2 being most prevalent.
  • General physicians must be aware of rarer diabetes subtypes that require distinct management strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of identifying alternative diabetes mellitus varieties beyond the common types.
  • To guide physicians in recognizing clinical indicators suggestive of non-traditional diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical characteristics associated with different diabetes types.
  • Analysis of treatment responses in diverse diabetes mellitus presentations.
  • Emphasis on detailed patient history, including onset and progression of diabetes.
  • Importance of family history in diagnosing diabetes subtypes.

Main Results:

  • Clinical presentation, treatment response, and associated features can indicate rarer forms of diabetes.
  • Family history is a key factor in suspecting alternative diabetes mellitus diagnoses.
  • Early recognition of atypical diabetes improves patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Physicians should consider diabetes types beyond type 1 and type 2 based on clinical suspicion.
  • Thorough patient evaluation, including history and family background, is essential for accurate diabetes diagnosis.
  • Awareness of diverse diabetes mellitus forms is critical for effective patient care.