Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

4.8K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
4.8K
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

649
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
649
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

1.6K
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.6K
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

1.4K
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
1.4K
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

963
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
963
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

594
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
594

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Proteomic and Mechanistic Analysis of Spironolactone in Patients at Risk for HF.

JACC. Heart failure·2021
Same author

Impact of Geographic Region on the COMMANDER-HF Trial.

JACC. Heart failure·2021
Same author

The Additive Prognostic Value of Serial Plasma Interleukin-6 Levels over Changes in Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Acute Heart Failure.

Journal of cardiac failure·2021
Same author

Relationship between a single measurement at baseline of body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, and the risk of mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism·2020
Same author

Myocardial remodelling after withdrawing therapy for heart failure in patients with recovered dilated cardiomyopathy: insights from TRED-HF.

European journal of heart failure·2020
Same author

The effect of spironolactone on cardiovascular function and markers of fibrosis in people at increased risk of developing heart failure: the heart 'OMics' in AGEing (HOMAGE) randomized clinical trial.

European heart journal·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

7.2K

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Pierpaolo Pellicori1, John G F Cleland2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK pierpaolo.pellicori@hey.nhs.uk.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|December 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) affects many patients and is linked to hypertension and age. While treatments may improve symptoms, none have definitively altered HFPEF prognosis.

Keywords:
Heart failuremorbiditymortalitypreserved ejection fractiontherapy

More Related Videos

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
07:09

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs

Published on: February 18, 2022

2.5K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF
03:42

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF

Published on: March 29, 2024

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

7.2K
A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs
07:09

A Surgical Model of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Tibetan Minipigs

Published on: February 18, 2022

2.5K
Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF
03:42

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Relationship Between Lipotoxicity and HFpEF

Published on: March 29, 2024

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is diagnosed in patients with normal left ventricular ejection fraction.
  • Hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and age are key contributors to HFPEF, suggesting a rising prevalence.
  • The pathophysiology involves heterogeneous mechanisms converging on congestion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of HFPEF diagnosis and management.
  • To highlight the role of biomarkers and imaging in HFPEF assessment.
  • To review the efficacy of current and potential treatments for HFPEF.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical diagnosis of HF remains central.
  • Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP/NT-proBNP) levels are crucial congestion markers.
  • Echocardiography is used to determine cardiac phenotype, but a normal echocardiogram does not exclude HF.

Main Results:

  • No treatment has conclusively altered HFPEF prognosis.
  • Treatments targeting congestion and hypertension (diuretics, MRAs, ACE inhibitors) may improve symptoms and outcomes.
  • Current treatments do not reverse underlying myocardial pathology, though MRAs show some promise.

Conclusions:

  • HFPEF is a growing clinical challenge with complex pathophysiology.
  • Accurate diagnosis requires clinical assessment, biomarkers, and imaging.
  • Symptomatic and outcome improvements are achievable with targeted therapies, but reversing myocardial pathology remains an unmet need.