Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

19.8K
The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
19.8K
The Eukaryotic Promoter Region02:40

The Eukaryotic Promoter Region

4.4K
4.4K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

8.5K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
8.5K
Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

25.4K
Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
25.4K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

11.5K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
11.5K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

12.8K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
12.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Characterization of the spectrum of insecticidal activity of Cry1B.3, Cry1Da_7, and Vip3Cb1 proteins produced by lepidopteran-protected MON 89151 cotton.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Spontaneous Hemangiosarcoma of Bone with Hepatic and Pulmonary Metastasis in a Rhesus Macaque (Macaca mulatta): A Case Report.

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS·2025
Same author

Transient Suppression of Dopamine Transporter Palmitoylation by Methamphetamine: Implications for Transport Regulation.

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·2025
Same author

Modulation of Autism-Associated Serotonin Transporters by Palmitoylation: Insights into the Molecular Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapies for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

ACS chemical neuroscience·2025
Same author

Ecological risk assessment for Cry1Da_7, Cry1B.3 and Vip3Cb1 proteins expressed in MON 89151 cotton: an insect-protected cotton with targeted activity against Lepidoptera.

Transgenic research·2025
Same author

SMAdd-seq: probing chromatin accessibility with small molecule DNA intercalation and nanopore sequencing.

Nucleic acids research·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations
11:36

Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations

Published on: April 21, 2023

3.2K

Nucleosomal promoter variation generates gene expression noise.

Christopher R Brown1, Hinrich Boeger2

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Gene expression noise arises from the intrinsic, stochastic variation in promoter nucleosome configurations. This study reveals that these molecular changes are not caused by external factors but originate spontaneously, explaining gene expression fluctuations.

Keywords:
PHO5chromatingene expression noisetranscription

More Related Videos

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
10:16

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

33.8K
Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
03:34

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

524

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations
11:36

Author Spotlight: An Integrated Workflow to Study the Promoter-Centric Spatio-Temporal Genome Architecture in Scarce Cell Populations

Published on: April 21, 2023

3.2K
Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions
10:16

Promoter Capture Hi-C: High-resolution, Genome-wide Profiling of Promoter Interactions

Published on: June 28, 2018

33.8K
Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
03:34

Optimized Quantitative Assessment of Enhancer RNA Stability in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Published on: November 21, 2025

524

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Gene product molecule numbers fluctuate, a phenomenon known as gene expression noise.
  • The molecular origins of this noise are not fully understood.
  • Previous studies suggested promoter nucleosome configuration variation might contribute to noise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether promoter nucleosome configuration variation is an intrinsic source of gene expression noise.
  • To test the conjecture that this variation arises de novo, independent of external molecular influences.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopic analysis of nucleosome configurations.
  • Studied two physically linked PHO5 promoter copies in yeast.
  • Examined stochastic transitions between nucleosomal and nucleosome-free states.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that nucleosome configuration variation is intrinsically stochastic.
  • Confirmed that this variation originates de novo, not as a response to environmental changes.
  • Linked intrinsic promoter configuration changes directly to gene expression noise.

Conclusions:

  • The stochastic, intrinsic variation in promoter nucleosome configurations is a direct cause of gene expression noise.
  • This finding clarifies a fundamental source of molecular fluctuations in gene expression.
  • Provides a new mechanistic understanding of gene regulation variability.