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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Types of RNA01:23

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Long non-coding RNAs and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Fu-Jun Yu1, Jian-Jian Zheng2, Pei-Hong Dong3

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Jinshan, Shanghai 201508.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology
|December 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression implicated in diseases like hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Further research into lncRNAs in HCC may reveal new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
H19HOX antisense intergenic RNAdownregulated expression by HBxhepatocellular carcinomahigh expression in HCChighly upregulated in liver cancerlong non-coding RNAmaternally expressed gene 3metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1microvascular invasion in HCC

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Next-generation sequencing advances have identified numerous non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs).
  • LncRNAs, defined as RNA molecules (200 bp-100 kbp) lacking protein-coding potential, are crucial regulators of gene expression.
  • Dysregulation of lncRNAs is linked to various human diseases, especially cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To focus on extensively investigated lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • To highlight the need for further investigation into the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of most lncRNAs.
  • To explore the potential of lncRNAs in HCC as novel prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current research on lncRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Analysis of the role of lncRNAs in gene expression regulation (chromatin modification, transcription, post-transcriptional processing).

Main Results:

  • LncRNAs play critical roles in regulating gene expression.
  • Dysregulated lncRNAs are associated with human diseases, particularly tumors.
  • Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the functions and mechanisms of most lncRNAs in HCC.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding lncRNAs in HCC is crucial for advancing cancer research.
  • Further investigation may identify novel lncRNAs for prognostic and therapeutic applications in HCC.
  • LncRNAs represent a promising area for developing new strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma.