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Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body01:31

Lipid-derived Compounds in the Human Body

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Fats and lipids are crucial components in the human body. Some lipid-derived compounds, such as fat-soluble vitamins, eicosanoids, lipoproteins, and glycolipids, also play unique roles to support various  biological processes .
Fat-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins, including vitamins A, D, E, and K, are required in minimal quantities, but their deficiencies can lead to severely abnormal physiological conditions. For example, vitamin A deficiency can cause night blindness, dry skin,...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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The role of micronutrient deficiencies in nutritional anemia beyond iron: An expert perspective on the scope and strength of the current evidence.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells
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A Rapid and Specific Microplate Assay for the Determination of Intra- and Extracellular Ascorbate in Cultured Cells

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Vitamin E inadequacy in humans: causes and consequences.

Maret G Traber

    Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.)
    |December 4, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Most Americans have insufficient vitamin E (α-tocopherol) intake. Low vitamin E status is linked to health issues like infection, anemia, and poor pregnancy outcomes, highlighting the need for better assessment methods.

    Area of Science:

    • Nutritional Science
    • Human Health
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Over 90% of Americans have inadequate dietary intake of vitamin E, specifically α-tocopherol.
    • Vitamin E deficiency can lead to significant adverse health consequences.
    • Current methods for assessing vitamin E status have limitations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the adverse health effects associated with inadequate dietary α-tocopherol intake.
    • To identify health conditions where vitamin E supplementation has shown benefits.
    • To discuss challenges in assessing vitamin E status and the need for better biomarkers.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of studies on vitamin E status and health outcomes.
    • Analysis of the relationship between plasma α-tocopherol concentrations and health indicators.

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  • Evaluation of potential new biomarkers for vitamin E inadequacy.

    • Main Results:

    • Plasma α-tocopherol <12 μmol/L is associated with increased infection risk, anemia, growth stunting, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
    • Low intake leads to tissue α-tocopherol deficiency and increased cellular damage.
    • Circulating α-tocopherol levels are difficult to interpret due to age-related increases in plasma lipids.

    Conclusions:

    • Inadequate vitamin E status has detrimental effects on multiple aspects of health.
    • Reliable assessment of vitamin E adequacy requires further research into biomarkers like urinary α-carboxy-ethyl-hydroxychromanol.
    • There is a critical need for improved methods to evaluate human vitamin E status.