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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Nanoparticle-based immunotherapy for cancer.

Kun Shao1, Santiswarup Singha, Xavier Clemente-Casares

  • 1Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cummings School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Canada.

ACS Nano
|December 4, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Nanovaccines leverage nanotechnology to enhance antitumor immunity by overcoming tumor evasion mechanisms. This review explores nanoparticle-based immunotherapies for cancer treatment, combining antigen delivery and immune cell targeting for tumor eradication.

Keywords:
T-lymphocytescancer immunotherapydanger-associated molecular patternsenvironment-responsive nanoparticleslymphocyte co-stimulatorsnanoparticlestargeted deliverytumor immune evasiontumor immune surveillancetumor immunoeditingtumor-associated antigensvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Effective antitumor immunity requires understanding immune responses to threats like tumors.
  • Tumor cells evade immunity, and immune responses can paradoxically promote tumor growth.
  • The interplay between the immune system and tumors is a complex competition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review nanoparticle-based immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
  • To highlight how nanotechnology can address both immune evasion and tumor growth.
  • To explore diverse nanoparticle applications in cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on nanoparticle-based cancer immunotherapies.
  • Analysis of strategies for antigen/adjuvant delivery to antigen-presenting cells.
  • Examination of T-lymphocyte-targeting compounds and combination therapies.

Main Results:

  • Nanoparticles offer a unique platform for simultaneous immune stimulation and tumor targeting.
  • Current strategies include antigen/adjuvant delivery systems and direct immune cell targeting.
  • Combinations of nanoparticle-based approaches show promise for enhanced efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Nanotechnology is crucial for developing advanced nanovaccines against cancer.
  • Simultaneously addressing immune evasion and tumor growth is key for therapeutic success.
  • Nanoparticle-based immunotherapies represent a promising frontier in cancer treatment.