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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
Published on: May 2, 2025
Controversies in the psychopharmacology of bipolar disorder
Robert M Post1, Michael J Ostacher, Vivek Singh
1From the Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, and the Bipolar Collaborative Network, Bethesda, Maryland.
Abstract:
Few studies have examined the decision-making process for selecting a mood stabilizer or antipsychotic for patients with bipolar disorder. Despite a lack of evidence regarding their efficacy, conventional unimodal antidepressants continue to be used in bipolar treatment regimens. This article examines pharmacologic principles that can facilitate the evidence-based use of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics in patients with bipolar disorder. Choosing therapies for the maintenance of bipolar disorder, clinical decision making upon observation of a partial response, the use of combination therapies, and benefit/harm considerations when choosing a treatment for bipolar depression will be reviewed.
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