National analysis of differences among substance abuse treatment outcomes: college student and nonstudent emerging adults
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Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods
Published on: August 4, 2022
Ethan Sahker1, Laura Acion, Stephan Arndt
1a Department of Psychological and Quantitative Foundations, University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa.
Objective:
To discover differences between student and nonstudent substance abuse treatment demographics, treatment characteristics, and outcomes.
Participants:
Conducted February 2014, clients without prior treatment admissions, aged 18-24, not in methadone maintenance therapy, and in nonintensive and ambulatory intensive outpatient treatment settings (N=467,233).
Methods:
Chi-square was used to analyze differences. Multivariate logistic regression including covariates and the student status predicted successful completion with risk differences (RD).
Results:
Students were more likely to successfully complete treatment than nonstudents (56.15% vs 41.96%; χ2=1355.04, df=1, p<.0001, RD=14.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] [13.43, 14.95]), and students were 6.92 (95% CI [6.26, 7.58]) percentage points less likely than nonstudents to remain in treatment for longer than 4 months (χ2=367.24, df=1, p<.0001).
Conclusions:
Treatment providers seem to have greater results retaining students in shorter periods. Suggestions for higher education treatment engagement are discussed.
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