Effects of WDRC release time and number of channels on output SNR and speech recognition

The purpose of this study was to investigate the joint effects that wide dynamic range compression (WDRC) release time (RT) and number of channels have on recognition of sentences in the presence of steady and modulated maskers at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). How the different combinations of WDRC parameters affect output SNR and the role this plays in the observed findings were also investigated.

Twenty-four listeners with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss identified sentences mixed with steady or modulated maskers at three SNRs (-5, 0, and +5 dB) that had been processed using a hearing aid simulator with six combinations of RT (40 and 640 msec) and number of channels (4, 8, and 16). Compression parameters were set using the Desired Sensation Level v5.0a prescriptive fitting method. For each condition, amplified speech and masker levels and the resultant long-term output SNR were measured.

Speech recognition with WDRC depended on the combination of RT and number of channels, with the greatest effects observed at 0 dB input SNR, in which mean speech recognition scores varied by 10 to 12% across WDRC manipulations. Overall, effect sizes were generally small. Across both masker types and the three SNRs tested, the best speech recognition was obtained with eight channels, regardless of RT. Increased speech levels, which favor audibility, were associated with the short RT and with an increase in the number of channels. These same conditions also increased masker levels by an even greater amount, for a net decrease in the long-term output SNR. Changes in long-term SNR across WDRC conditions were found to be strongly associated with changes in the temporal envelope shape as quantified by the Envelope Difference Index; however, neither of these factors fully explained the observed differences in speech recognition.

A primary finding of this study was that the number of channels had a modest effect when analyzed at each level of RT, with results suggesting that selecting eight channels for a given RT might be the safest choice. Effects were smaller for RT, with results suggesting that short RT was slightly better when only 4 channels were used and that long RT was better when 16 channels were used. Individual differences in how listeners were influenced by audibility, output SNR, temporal distortion, and spectral distortion may have contributed to the size of the effects found in this study. Because only general suppositions could made for how each of these factors may have influenced the overall results of this study, future research would benefit from exploring the predictive value of these and other factors in selecting the processing parameters that maximize speech recognition for individuals.