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Measles outbreaks: who are at risk and why

D E Grimes, L F Woolbert

    Journal of Pediatric Health Care : Official Publication of National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates & Practitioners
    |July 1, 1989
    PubMed

    Insights

    Measles (rubeola) incidence decreased after the 1963 vaccine, but outbreaks persist in immunized and unimmunized children. Updated 1989 immunization recommendations aim to prevent future measles outbreaks.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Vaccinology

    Background:

    • Measles (rubeola) incidence significantly declined in the US post-1963 vaccine introduction.
    • Despite vaccination, measles has not been eliminated, with incidence increasing since 1983.
    • Outbreaks are now observed in both vaccinated school-aged children and unvaccinated younger populations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review measles occurrence, transmission, and immunity.
    • To outline the 1989 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) immunization recommendations.
    • To discuss implications for healthcare providers in preventing measles outbreaks.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on measles epidemiology and immunology.
    • Analysis of reported measles incidence trends in the US.
    • Examination of current vaccination guidelines and outbreak data.

    Main Results:

    • Measles incidence decreased substantially after 1963 but has seen a slight increase since 1983.
    • Outbreaks are occurring in diverse age groups, including previously immunized individuals.
    • The article details diagnostic criteria and the development of measles immunity.

    Conclusions:

    • Continued vigilance and updated immunization strategies are crucial for measles control.
    • Healthcare providers play a vital role in implementing CDC recommendations to prevent outbreaks.
    • Achieving measles elimination requires addressing vaccination gaps in all age groups.

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