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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Measuring Cell-Edge Protrusion Dynamics during Spreading using Live-Cell Microscopy
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Measuring Cell-Edge Protrusion Dynamics during Spreading using Live-Cell Microscopy

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Stem cell differentiation increases membrane-actin adhesion regulating cell blebability, migration and mechanics.

Kristina Sliogeryte1, Stephen D Thorpe1, David A Lee1

  • 1Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, United Kingdom.

Scientific Reports
|December 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation strengthens cell membrane-cytoskeleton adhesion. This increases cell stiffness and reduces membrane blebbing, impacting cell behavior and migration.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Biophysics
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • The interaction between the cell membrane and the actin cortex is crucial for cell behavior.
  • Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) undergo differentiation, altering their mechanical properties.
  • Understanding these changes is key to regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how hMSC differentiation affects the mechanical coupling between the cell membrane and the actin cortex.
  • To determine the role of this coupling in regulating cell behavior, including bleb formation, migration, and mechanical properties.
  • To identify the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in membrane-cortex adhesion during differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Micropipette aspiration was used to quantify membrane-cortex detachment pressures.
  • Mechanical and osmotic bleb formation assays were performed.
  • Theoretical modeling was employed to analyze bleb formation dynamics.
  • F-actin density and remodeling were assessed.
  • Expression levels of ezrin, radixin, and moeisin (ERM) proteins were analyzed.
  • Transfection studies using dominant active ezrin were conducted.

Main Results:

  • Membrane-cortex detachment pressure increased significantly from 0.15 kPa in stem cells to 0.71 kPa after chondrogenic differentiation.
  • Differentiated cells showed reduced susceptibility to mechanical and osmotic bleb formation.
  • Cell migration was reduced in differentiated cells.
  • Cell modulus increased, indicating greater stiffness.
  • Theoretical modeling revealed that increased membrane-cortex adhesion underlies the enhanced stiffness.
  • Differentiated cells exhibited higher F-actin density and slower actin remodeling.
  • Expression of ERM proteins was elevated in differentiated cells, correlating with reduced blebbing.

Conclusions:

  • hMSCs possess inherently weak membrane-cortex adhesion, leading to increased blebbing.
  • Chondrogenic differentiation strengthens membrane-cortex adhesion, enhancing cell stiffness and reducing blebbing.
  • Elevated ERM protein levels are responsible for the increased adhesion and reduced blebbing.
  • These changes in adhesion and mechanical properties regulate cell migration and overall cell behavior.