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Antiphospholipid syndrome in lupus retinopathy
Ng Hong-Kee1, Chong Mei-Fong2, Yaakub Azhany3
1Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia ; Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia.
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can cause vision-threatening eye conditions. Early screening for antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) and prompt anticoagulant treatment are crucial for managing lupus retinopathy and preventing vision loss.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Rheumatology
- Immunology
Background:
- Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease with potential ocular complications.
- Ocular manifestations in SLE can lead to blindness, including retinal vascular occlusions and optic nerve issues.
- Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), often associated with SLE, increases the risk of vascular thrombosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report two cases of APS in SLE patients presenting with severe ocular manifestations.
- To highlight the importance of screening for antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) in SLE patients with retinopathy.
- To emphasize the role of prompt anticoagulant therapy in managing these conditions.
Main Methods:
- Case report of two SLE patients with ocular vascular events.
- Diagnostic workup included antiphospholipid antibody (APA) testing.
- Treatment involved immunosuppression, anticoagulation, and laser therapy.
Main Results:
- Both patients were diagnosed with APS secondary to SLE.
- Case 1 presented with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO).
- Case 2 presented with vaso-occlusive lupus retinopathy.
Conclusions:
- APS is a significant risk factor for blinding ocular complications in SLE patients.
- Screening for APA is vital in SLE patients with lupus retinopathy.
- Timely anticoagulant treatment is essential to prevent further vascular thrombosis and preserve vision.
