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Sulfathiazole: analytical methods for quantification in seawater and macroalgae.

Sara Leston1, Carolina Nebot2, Margarida Nunes1

  • 1CEF - Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Health Sciences Campus, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal.

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
|December 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary

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New methods detect pharmaceutical residues like sulfathiazole in marine environments. Macroalgae, such as Ulva lactuca, show potential as bioindicators for these emerging contaminants.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Pharmaceutical residues, particularly antibiotics like sulfonamides, are emerging contaminants posing risks to aquatic ecosystems and human health.
  • Understanding the environmental fate and impact of these compounds necessitates advanced detection and quantification methodologies.
  • Macroalgae are continuously exposed to environmental contaminants and play a crucial role in marine food webs, suggesting their utility as bioindicators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate novel liquid chromatography-based methods for detecting sulfathiazole in seawater and the macroalga Ulva lactuca.
  • To assess the sensitivity and applicability of these methods using different detection techniques (MS/MS and UV).
  • To evaluate the potential of macroalgae as bioindicators for pharmaceutical contamination.
Keywords:
LC–MS/MSLC–UVSeawaterSulfathiazoleUlva lactuca

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Main Methods:

  • Development of two new liquid chromatography (LC) methods for sulfathiazole determination.
  • Validation of methods according to international standards for accuracy and reliability.
  • Application of LC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and UV detection for quantification.

Main Results:

  • Both developed LC methods were successfully validated.
  • MS/MS detection offered higher sensitivity with lower limits of detection (LODs) for both seawater and Ulva lactuca samples.
  • UV detection provided higher LODs, making it suitable for analyzing samples from more contaminated areas.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully established validated analytical methods for sulfathiazole detection in marine matrices.
  • Macroalgae, specifically Ulva lactuca, demonstrate significant potential for use as bioindicators of pharmaceutical contamination in coastal environments.
  • The findings contribute to better understanding and monitoring of pharmaceutical pollution in the marine ecosystem.