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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 20, 2026

Calorespirometry: A Powerful, Noninvasive Approach to Investigate Cellular Energy Metabolism
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Caloric supplements for the elderly.

Julie K Gammack1, Angela M Sanford

  • 1Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA.

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|December 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) can increase body weight in older adults, particularly those who are frail or malnourished. However, ONS does not consistently improve function or mortality in the general elderly population.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Malnutrition and unintended weight loss are prevalent and serious issues in the elderly population.
  • Caloric supplementation is a potential strategy to address nutritional deficits and improve health outcomes in older adults.
  • Oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) has emerged as a common intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the recent scientific literature on the efficacy of oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) in the elderly population.
  • To evaluate the impact of ONS on nutritional status, body weight, functional outcomes, and mortality in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent literature on oral nutritional supplementation in the elderly.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on community-dwelling, acutely ill, and chronically ill older adults.
  • Examination of data related to frail, malnourished, post-acute, hip fracture, and demented populations.

Main Results:

  • Inadequate caloric intake is a consistent predictor of weight loss in older adults.
  • ONS effectively increases body weight in various elderly subgroups, including community-dwelling and ill elders.
  • ONS does not demonstrate significant improvements in function or mortality for the general elderly population, but shows benefits in frail or malnourished individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Current research does not conclusively support the use of ONS in unselected older adult groups for functional or mortality benefits.
  • A modest increase in body weight is a probable outcome of ONS in the elderly.
  • Targeted use of ONS in frail or malnourished older adults may offer specific benefits, warranting further investigation.