Adopted orphans as regulators of inflammation, immunity and skeletal homeostasis

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology and immunology
• Skeletal biology

Background:

• Adopted orphan nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and liver X receptors (LXRs), are crucial for regulating inflammatory and immune responses.
• These receptors also play a significant role in maintaining skeletal homeostasis.
• Their dual function makes them promising therapeutic targets for musculoskeletal conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current understanding of PPARs and LXRs in innate and adaptive immunity.
• To summarize their role in bone turnover.
• To discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting these receptors for chronic musculoskeletal diseases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on adopted orphan nuclear receptors.
• Analysis of studies focusing on PPARs and LXRs in immune regulation.
• Examination of research on their impact on bone metabolism.

Main Results:

• PPARs and LXRs are integral to both innate and adaptive immune pathways.
• These receptors significantly influence bone remodeling processes.
• Evidence suggests their involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bone diseases.

Conclusions:

• Adopted orphan nuclear receptors are key modulators of immunity and skeletal homeostasis.
• Targeting PPARs and LXRs presents a viable therapeutic strategy for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
• Further research into these receptors could lead to novel treatments for osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis.