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Related Experiment Video

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A Multi-detection Assay for Malaria Transmitting Mosquitoes
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Malaria surveillance--United States, 2012.

Karen A Cullen, Paul M Arguin,

    Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. Surveillance Summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002)
    |December 5, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary

    Malaria cases in the U.S. decreased 12% in 2012, but long-term trends show an increase. Inadequate prevention measures and poor adherence to chemoprophylaxis among travelers, especially those visiting friends or relatives (VFRs), contribute to ongoing malaria transmission.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Parasitology

    Background:

    • Malaria is transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, primarily affecting travelers to endemic regions.
    • While most U.S. cases are imported, local transmission, laboratory exposure, and congenital cases occur.
    • Malaria surveillance in the U.S. aims to detect local transmission and inform prevention strategies for travelers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize malaria cases in the U.S. with symptom onset in 2012.
    • To analyze trends in malaria cases and identify risk factors.
    • To assess antimalarial drug resistance patterns.

    Main Methods:

    • Data collected through National Malaria Surveillance System (NMSS) and National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS).

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  • Case investigations conducted by local and state health departments.
  • Antimalarial drug resistance testing performed on submitted blood samples.

    • Main Results:

    • 1,687 malaria cases reported in 2012, a 12% decrease from 2011.
    • Plasmodium falciparum was the most common species (58%).
    • Low adherence to chemoprophylaxis reported by travelers (6%), particularly among pregnant women.
    • Significant genetic polymorphisms associated with resistance to pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine, and chloroquine detected in P. falciparum samples.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite a 12% decline in 2012, malaria cases show an increasing trend since 1973.
    • Inadequate prevention measures and poor adherence to chemoprophylaxis, especially among VFRs, remain significant challenges.
    • Molecular surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance is crucial for guiding treatment and managing resistant malaria parasites.