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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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Polysaccharides such as glycogen and starch are synthesized from nucleoside diphosphate sugars, primarily uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) and adenosine diphosphate glucose (ADPG). These activated glucose donors act as key intermediates in carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. UDPG primarily involves glycogen synthesis in animals and many bacteria, while ADPG plays a fundamental role in starch synthesis in plants and certain bacteria.UDPG is formed when glucose-1-phosphate reacts with...
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Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides
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Marine nucleosides: structure, bioactivity, synthesis and biosynthesis.

Ri-Ming Huang1, Yin-Ning Chen2, Ziyu Zeng3

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Marine nucleosides and their synthetic analogs are crucial for cellular functions. This review details 68 marine-derived nucleosides, focusing on their structures, bioactivities, and synthesis.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine natural products chemistry
  • Nucleoside and nucleotide biochemistry

Background:

  • Nucleosides are essential components of DNA and RNA.
  • They play vital roles in cellular processes.
  • Marine environments are a source of diverse nucleosides.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review marine-originated nucleosides and their synthetic analogs.
  • To cover literature published up to June 2014.
  • To focus on structures, bioactivities, and synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of marine nucleosides.
  • Analysis of 68 identified compounds and analogs.
  • Compilation of data on structures, bioactivities, and synthesis.

Main Results:

  • Cataloged 68 marine nucleosides and synthetic analogs.
  • Detailed their structural diversity.
  • Summarized their known bioactivities and synthetic pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Marine nucleosides represent a significant class of natural products.
  • Understanding their synthesis and bioactivity is crucial for biological applications.
  • Further research into marine nucleosides is warranted.