Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Horizontal Gene Transfer01:27

Horizontal Gene Transfer

3.7K
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a process where genetic material moves between organisms within the same generation, unlike vertical gene transfer, which occurs from parent to offspring. HGT plays a crucial role in microbial evolution, adaptation, and survival, particularly in shared environments like the human gut.Mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, prophages, integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons facilitate this process. HGT occurs through three primary mechanisms:...
3.7K
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

20.6K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
20.6K
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

32.2K
Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.
32.2K
Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms02:18

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

6.9K
6.9K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

16.3K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
16.3K
Conjugation01:19

Conjugation

3.0K
Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that primarily occurs in bacteria and some archaea, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through conjugative plasmids, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatments that would otherwise be lethal. This process involves direct contact between cells through specialized structures such as the sex pilus and is mediated by conjugative plasmids, including the F (fertility) factor.Conjugation requires...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Maintenance avelumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma: do tumour site and previous surgery matter?

BJU international·2025
Same author

<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> carriage, antimicrobial resistance, and serotype distribution in children and adults from Paraguay in the post-vaccinal era.

Frontiers in public health·2025
Same author

Maintenance Therapy With Avelumab for Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Real-World, Ambispective RAVE-Bladder Study.

Cancer medicine·2025
Same author

Real-World Efficacy and Safety of Avelumab Plus Axitinib in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: Results from the Ambispective RAVE-Renal Study.

Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.)·2025
Same author

RNA dynamics in oxidative stress: From obscurity to mechanistic understanding in health and disease.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

Improved protein splicing through viral passaging.

mBio·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

8.9K

Interaction between conjugative and retrotransposable elements in horizontal gene transfer.

Olga Novikova1, Dorie Smith1, Ingrid Hahn2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences and RNA Institute, University at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America.

Plos Genetics
|December 5, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mobile genetic elements can collaborate. A group II intron on a plasmid uses relaxase, an enzyme from the plasmid, to enhance its own retrotransposition and spread within bacterial cells.

More Related Videos

Detection of Horizontal Gene Transfer Mediated by Natural Conjugative Plasmids in E. coli
06:56

Detection of Horizontal Gene Transfer Mediated by Natural Conjugative Plasmids in E. coli

Published on: March 24, 2023

7.5K
Conjugative Mating Assays for Sequence-specific Analysis of Transfer Proteins Involved in Bacterial Conjugation
10:41

Conjugative Mating Assays for Sequence-specific Analysis of Transfer Proteins Involved in Bacterial Conjugation

Published on: January 4, 2017

14.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

8.9K
Detection of Horizontal Gene Transfer Mediated by Natural Conjugative Plasmids in E. coli
06:56

Detection of Horizontal Gene Transfer Mediated by Natural Conjugative Plasmids in E. coli

Published on: March 24, 2023

7.5K
Conjugative Mating Assays for Sequence-specific Analysis of Transfer Proteins Involved in Bacterial Conjugation
10:41

Conjugative Mating Assays for Sequence-specific Analysis of Transfer Proteins Involved in Bacterial Conjugation

Published on: January 4, 2017

14.6K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) often coexist within genomes.
  • Interactions and collaborations between different MGEs are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate functional interactions between disparate mobile genetic elements.
  • To examine the interplay between a group II intron and a conjugative plasmid in Lactococcus lactis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a retromobility indicator gene (RIG) system.
  • Developed a high-throughput genomic retrotransposition detection system (RIG-Seq).
  • Analyzed the activity of LtrB relaxase on its cognate origin of transfer (oriT) and off-target DNA.

Main Results:

  • Relaxase (LtrB) from the conjugative plasmid pRS01 significantly stimulates the frequency and diversity of group II intron retrotransposition.
  • LtrB exhibits sequence- and strand-specific nicking of its oriT but also possesses weak off-target activity.
  • This off-target activity on recipient DNA promotes intron mobility and event density.

Conclusions:

  • A model is supported where an RNA-based mobile element (group II intron) and a DNA-based mobile element (conjugative plasmid) functionally interact.
  • Intron splicing aids relaxase expression for conjugation, while relaxase activity promotes intron mobility.
  • This collaboration likely enhances horizontal gene transfer and disseminates the intron in both donor and recipient bacteria.