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    Area of Science:

    • Medical Imaging
    • Acoustics
    • Biophysics

    Background:

    • Ultrasound imaging relies on echo brightness, which can be limited by tissue properties.
    • Spatial coherence of ultrasound waves is affected by tissue scattering and reverberation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate spatial coherence properties of ultrasound backscattered by human tissue.
    • To develop and validate a theoretical framework for spatial coherence imaging.
    • To compare spatial coherence imaging with conventional B-mode imaging.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized Fourier acoustics to model ultrasound propagation through tissue.
    • Employed simulations on abdominal tissue samples to validate theoretical predictions.
    • Performed in vivo measurements using a diagnostic ultrasound scanner.
    • Generated B-mode and spatial coherence images from the same echo data.

    Main Results:

    • Theoretical predictions closely matched in vivo measurements of spatial coherence.
    • Spatial coherence imaging demonstrated improved contrast-to-noise ratio for anechoic lesions (1.95 vs. 1.21).
    • Image contrast in spatial coherence imaging is influenced by near-field tissue and focal plane backscattering.

    Conclusions:

    • Spatial coherence imaging offers enhanced visualization of tissue structures.
    • The developed theoretical framework accurately describes ultrasound spatial coherence in vivo.
    • Spatial coherence imaging shows promise for improved diagnostic ultrasound capabilities.