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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

4.5K
Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview01:27

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

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Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...
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Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence01:23

Atomic Spectroscopy: Absorption, Emission, and Fluorescence

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Atomic spectroscopy is a vital tool in elemental analysis, both qualitatively and quantitatively. It can be broadly divided into optical spectroscopy, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy methods. The optical spectroscopic methods are atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), and atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS). The first step in all three methods is atomization, where the solid, liquid, or solution-phase samples are converted into gas-phase atoms and...
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
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Quantitative Analysis of Vacuum Induction Melting by Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

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[Study on the multivariate quantitative analysis method for steel alloy elements using LIBS].

Yan-hong Gu, Ying Li, Ye Tian

    Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
    |December 6, 2014
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) quantifies steel alloys, overcoming matrix effects. Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression proved most effective for accurate Cr and Ni analysis in complex steel samples.

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    Dependence of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Results on Pulse Energies and Timing Parameters Using Soil Simulants
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    Dependence of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Results on Pulse Energies and Timing Parameters Using Soil Simulants

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Analytical Chemistry
    • Spectroscopy

    Context:

    • Steel alloy analysis presents challenges due to complex matrix effects.
    • Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful technique for elemental analysis.
    • Optimizing experimental parameters is crucial for accurate LIBS quantification.

    Purpose:

    • To quantitatively analyze steel alloys using LIBS.
    • To evaluate and compare different quantitative analysis methods (univariate, multiple linear regression, PLS).
    • To determine the effectiveness of PLS in mitigating matrix effects for steel alloy analysis.

    Summary:

    • LIBS experiments were conducted on steel alloy samples using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser.
    • Detection delay, gate width, and position were optimized for best results.
    • Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression demonstrated superior accuracy and reduced matrix effects compared to other methods for Cr and Ni determination.

    Impact:

    • The study highlights PLS as the optimal method for accurate quantitative analysis of steel alloys.
    • PLS significantly reduces matrix effects, improving precision and reliability in elemental analysis.
    • Accurate determination of Cr and Ni in unknown steel samples with low relative errors was achieved.