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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Non-coding RNAs: biological functions and applications.

Baby Santosh1, Akhil Varshney, Pramod Kumar Yadava

  • 1School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India.

Cell Biochemistry and Function
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This summary is machine-generated.

The human genome

Keywords:
chromatin dynamicsgene modulationnon-coding RNAregulatory rolestructural organizationtelomere biology

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Human genome sequencing revealed ~20,000 protein-coding genes, representing <2% of the genome.
  • The complexity of human development and physiology cannot be explained solely by protein-coding genes.
  • Epigenetic modifications and alternative splicing significantly increase proteome diversity and functionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental concepts and biological roles of non-coding RNA.
  • To highlight the importance of non-coding RNA in regulating cellular physiology.
  • To discuss the role of non-coding RNA in disease conditions, particularly cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on non-coding RNA.
  • Analysis of genomic data regarding transcription and non-coding RNA prevalence.
  • Integration of findings on epigenetic regulation and post-translational modifications.

Main Results:

  • Over 90% of the human genome is transcribed, producing a complex network of overlapping transcripts.
  • Tens of thousands of long non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are produced, with limited protein-coding capacity.
  • ncRNAs play crucial roles in cellular physiology and disease regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding RNA represents a vast and critical component of the human genome.
  • Understanding ncRNA function is essential for comprehending human complexity and disease.
  • ncRNAs are key regulators of cellular processes and hold therapeutic potential for diseases like cancer.