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Related Concept Videos

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
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Nanowire spin torque oscillator driven by spin orbit torques.

Zheng Duan1, Andrew Smith1, Liu Yang1

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA.

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|December 6, 2014
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Researchers excited magnetization self-oscillations in ferromagnetic nanowires using spin orbit torques. This demonstrates that one-dimensional magnetic systems can be used for spin torque oscillators with extended active regions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Spin torque in ferromagnets can induce self-oscillations or reduce magnetization.
  • Uniform spin torque on films doesn't cause oscillations, unlike localized torque on nanoscale regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spin torque effects on ferromagnetic nanowires.
  • To explore self-oscillations in one-dimensional magnetic systems.
  • To determine if spin torque oscillators can utilize extended active regions.

Main Methods:

  • Studied spin torque effects on ferromagnetic nanowires.
  • Utilized spin orbit torques to drive the system.
  • Observed magnetization dynamics using experimental techniques.

Main Results:

  • Observed coherent self-oscillations of magnetization in a ferromagnetic nanowire.
  • Demonstrated that spin torque can excite self-oscillations in a one-dimensional magnetic system.
  • Showed that the active region of spin torque oscillators can exceed nanometre dimensions.

Conclusions:

  • Magnetization self-oscillations are achievable in one-dimensional ferromagnetic systems like nanowires.
  • Spin torque oscillators can be designed with active regions larger than the nanoscale.
  • This research expands the potential applications of spin torque oscillators.