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Selectivity in analytical chemistry: two interpretations for univariate methods.

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This study clarifies the elusive definition of selectivity in analytical chemistry, categorizing existing concepts into measurement error and response surface approaches. It analyzes their strengths, weaknesses, and contradictions for better method development.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Method Development

Background:

  • Selectivity is crucial in analytical chemistry but lacks a universally agreed-upon definition.
  • Existing definitions of selectivity have been proposed by professional organizations and scientists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and compare existing selectivity concepts in analytical chemistry.
  • To unveil contradictions and limitations of current selectivity definitions.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of selectivity concepts into two main classes: error-based and response surface-based.
  • Analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of each selectivity concept class.

Main Results:

  • Error-based selectivity is general and safe but requires sample composition constraints for multiple samples.
  • Response surface-based selectivity is easily applied to linear surfaces, offering concentration-independent measures.
  • Nonlinear response surfaces can lead to difficulties and counterintuitive results with response surface-based selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Contradictions exist between different selectivity definitions, impacting analytical method reliability.
  • Understanding the limitations of each approach is essential for accurate selectivity assessment.
  • Further refinement of selectivity definitions is needed for robust analytical chemistry practices.