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Related Concept Videos

Superconductor01:24

Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Microbial Corrosion

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Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a significant form of material degradation caused by the metabolic activities of microorganisms. This phenomenon poses substantial challenges across various industries, including oil and gas, maritime, and water treatment sectors.MIC occurs when microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, and fungi, colonize metal surfaces, forming biofilms that alter the local electrochemical environment. These biofilms can lead to the production of corrosive...
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Comparison of Two Different Synthesis Methods of Single Crystals of Superconducting Uranium Ditelluride
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Search for superconductivity in micrometeorites.

S Guénon1, J G Ramírez2, Ali C Basaran2

  • 11] Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA [2] CQ Center for Collective Quantum Phenomena and their Applications in LISA+, Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 14, D-72076, Tübingen, Germany.

Scientific Reports
|December 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a sensitive microwave absorption technique to screen for superconductivity in extraterrestrial materials. Testing micrometeorites revealed no superconductors but detected the Verwey transition in magnetite, demonstrating the method's potential for detecting electromagnetic phase transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Astrochemistry

Background:

  • Superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon with potential applications in various fields.
  • Detecting superconductivity in extraterrestrial materials could offer insights into cosmic processes.
  • Existing methods for detecting superconductivity may not be suitable for small, inhomogeneous samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a highly sensitive, non-destructive technique for detecting superconductivity in inhomogeneous materials.
  • To screen extraterrestrial samples, specifically micrometeorites, for the presence of superconducting compounds.
  • To assess the capability of the technique in identifying electromagnetic phase transitions in extraterrestrial materials.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a phase-sensitive detection technique for microwave absorption.
  • Achieved detection limits of 10(-12) cc of superconducting material within a non-superconducting matrix.
  • Applied the technique to analyze approximately 65 micrometeorites collected from the South Pole.

Main Results:

  • No superconducting compounds were detected in the tested micrometeorites.
  • The Verwey transition of magnetite was observed in the microwave system.
  • The study successfully demonstrated the detection of electromagnetic phase transitions in extraterrestrial materials at cryogenic temperatures.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microwave absorption technique is highly sensitive and selective for detecting superconductivity.
  • While no superconductivity was found in the studied micrometeorites, the technique proved effective for analyzing extraterrestrial materials.
  • The detection of the Verwey transition confirms the method's utility for probing electromagnetic properties of extraterrestrial matter.