Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Conservation of Small Populations02:04

Conservation of Small Populations

17.8K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
17.8K
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

32.9K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
32.9K
Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II01:17

Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test II

669
The Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, commonly referred to as the runs test, is a nonparametric test used to assess the randomness of ordered data. The test evaluates the number of runs, which are consecutive sequences of similar elements within the data. If the number of runs is significantly higher or lower than expected, the data is considered non-random, indicating a detectable pattern or structure.
For binary data, runs are identified using symbols such as + and −, or equivalently, 1s and...
669
Sign Test for Nominal Data01:12

Sign Test for Nominal Data

462
The sign test is a nonparametric method used to evaluate hypotheses about the median of a single sample or to compare the medians of two related samples. The sign test is particularly useful when dealing with nominal data, which includes distinct categories without an inherent order, such as names, labels, and preferences. Nominal data restricts statistical analysis to evaluating population proportions rather than mean or median values that require continuous data.
For example, consider a...
462
Optimal Foraging00:48

Optimal Foraging

14.4K
How animals obtain and eat their food is called foraging behavior. Foraging can include searching for plants and hunting for prey and depends on the species and environment.
14.4K
Predator-Prey Interactions02:39

Predator-Prey Interactions

22.4K
Predators consume prey for energy. Predators that acquire prey and prey that avoid predation both increase their chances of survival and reproduction (i.e., fitness). Routine predator-prey interactions elicit mutual adaptations that improve predator offenses, such as claws, teeth, and speed, as well as prey defenses, including crypsis, aposematism, and mimicry. Thus, predator-prey interactions resemble an evolutionary arms race.
22.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reflective belief revision before the age of reason.

Journal of experimental child psychology·2026
Same author

On the (limited) use of touchscreen-based behavioural and cognitive research with dogs: potential causes and future directions.

Animal cognition·2026
Same author

A Direct Observation of Infanticide by a Female Free-Ranging Dog (<i>Canis familiaris</i>) Supports the Resource Competition Hypothesis.

Ecology and evolution·2026
Same author

Wolves respond differently to human cues as they expand into urban landscapes.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Pet dogs prefer to work alone than to engage in a challenging cooperative task with conspecifics.

PeerJ·2026
Same author

Influence of agility training on body-size and object solidity perception in pet dogs.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

From silenced shock to strategic resilience: a longitudinal qualitative study of nurse residents' trajectory in coping with patient verbal abuse.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Validation of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) for forest firefighters: implications for human-technology interaction and occupational safety in the future of work.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Development and validation of the football emotion scale for Chinese youth players: a psychometric study.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

From online engagement to offline action: how social media environmental engagement shapes university students' pro-environmental citizenship through intrinsic motivation and personal norms.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

The multidimensional inventory of religious/spiritual wellbeing in Hungarian language: psychometric properties and initial validation.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
Same journal

Effects of occupational factors on depression in Chinese veterans: a fsQCA study based on 2022 CFPS data.

Frontiers in psychology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Behavioral Disturbances: An Innovative Approach to Monitor the Modulatory Effects of a Nutraceutical Diet
07:05

Behavioral Disturbances: An Innovative Approach to Monitor the Modulatory Effects of a Nutraceutical Diet

Published on: January 3, 2017

9.5K

Difference in quantity discrimination in dogs and wolves.

Friederike Range1, Julia Jenikejew2, Isabelle Schröder3

  • 1Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria ; Wolf Science Center Ernstbrunn, Austria.

Frontiers in Psychology
|December 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dogs show inferior quantity discrimination skills compared to wolves, suggesting domestication may affect cognitive abilities. This study tested dogs

Keywords:
domestic dogsdomesticationmental representationquantity discriminationwolf

More Related Videos

Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction
16:23

Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction

Published on: February 26, 2014

15.0K
A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents
08:38

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents

Published on: November 21, 2019

8.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Behavioral Disturbances: An Innovative Approach to Monitor the Modulatory Effects of a Nutraceutical Diet
07:05

Behavioral Disturbances: An Innovative Approach to Monitor the Modulatory Effects of a Nutraceutical Diet

Published on: January 3, 2017

9.5K
Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction
16:23

Automated, Quantitative Cognitive/Behavioral Screening of Mice: For Genetics, Pharmacology, Animal Cognition and Undergraduate Instruction

Published on: February 26, 2014

15.0K
A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents
08:38

A System for Tracking the Dynamics of Social Preference Behavior in Small Rodents

Published on: November 21, 2019

8.4K

Area of Science:

  • Comparative cognition
  • Evolutionary psychology
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Quantity discrimination may have evolved due to social and environmental pressures.
  • Previous studies show wolves excel at quantity discrimination, while dogs struggle with invisible quantities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cognitive differences in quantity discrimination between dogs and wolves.
  • To test if dogs possess mental representation skills for quantities similar to wolves.

Main Methods:

  • A controlled experiment using identical setups and procedures for dogs and wolves.
  • Testing dogs' ability to choose the larger of two sequentially presented, invisible quantities of food items.

Main Results:

  • Dogs performed significantly worse than wolves in mentally representing and discriminating quantities.
  • This disparity supports previous findings on dogs' inferior quantity discrimination skills.

Conclusions:

  • Domestication may have altered dogs' information processing, leading to reduced quantity discrimination abilities.
  • Further research is needed to explore alternative explanations for these cognitive differences.