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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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Triple test in carcinoma breast.

Suman Kharkwal1, Sameer2, Arindam Mukherjee3

  • 1Assistant Professor, Department of Surgery, ESI PGIMSR Basaidarapur, New Delhi, India .

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
|December 6, 2014
PubMed
Summary

The triple test (TTS) accurately diagnoses breast lumps, showing high sensitivity and specificity. This non-invasive method aids in timely treatment decisions for breast cancer patients.

Keywords:
Breast lumpCarcinoma breastTriple test

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Breast lumps are a common clinical presentation requiring accurate diagnosis.
  • Preoperative diagnosis of benign breast lesions avoids unnecessary patient trauma.
  • Evaluating the triple test's effectiveness in diagnosing breast carcinoma in a rural population is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the diagnostic accuracy and relevance of the triple test for breast lump evaluation.
  • To compare the effectiveness of clinical examination, mammography, and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC).
  • To determine the utility of the triple test in preoperative diagnosis of breast carcinoma.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 100 patients over 35 years with palpable breast lumps.
  • Inclusion of detailed history, clinical breast examination, mammography, and FNAC.
  • Calculation of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy for each modality and the combined triple test.

Main Results:

  • The triple test demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy (80% concordance).
  • Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and diagnostic accuracy for FNAC were 94.7%, 98.3%, 97.3%, and 96.6%, respectively.
  • The triple test showed 100% specificity and 100% negative predictive value for benign cases.

Conclusions:

  • The triple test is an accurate and minimally invasive diagnostic tool for breast lumps.
  • It facilitates definitive treatment initiation based on reliable preoperative diagnosis.
  • The triple test is relevant for diagnosing breast carcinoma in rural populations.