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Molecular characterization and comparison of simian immunodeficiency virus isolates from macaques, mangabeys, and
R E Benveniste1, D Raben, R W Hill
1Laboratory of Viral Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD.
Abstract:
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)/Mne has been inoculated into three species of macaques and into baboons. Virus was isolated from all the macaques who subsequently died at 15 to 120 weeks (mean 80 weeks) with various manifestations of immune deficiency. Individual animals varied in their viral antibody profile as a function of time after infection. Independent SIV isolates obtained from African green monkeys and magabeys were compared to SIV/Mne for their ability to replicate in lymphocytes and macrophages and with respect to the immunological relatedness of their viral proteins. Antibodies present in human immunodeficiency virus-2 (HIV-2)-infected individuals were readily detected by the virus produced by a single-cell clone of SIV/Mne.
Insights
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection caused immune deficiency in macaques and baboons. Viral isolates showed relatedness to human immunodeficiency virus-2 (HIV-2), suggesting potential cross-reactivity.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Immunology
- Primatology
Background:
- Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a lentivirus that infects non-human primates.
- SIV is closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- Understanding SIV pathogenesis is crucial for HIV research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the pathogenicity of SIV/Mne in macaques and baboons.
- To compare SIV isolates from different primate species.
- To assess immunological relatedness between SIV and HIV-2.
Main Methods:
- Inoculation of SIV/Mne into macaques and baboons.
- Monitoring animals for clinical signs of immune deficiency.
- Viral isolation and characterization.
- Antibody profiling and immunological assays.
Main Results:
- SIV/Mne infection led to immune deficiency and death in inoculated macaques.
- Significant variation in viral antibody profiles was observed among infected animals.
- SIV isolates demonstrated varying replication capacities in lymphocytes and macrophages.
- Viral proteins showed immunological relatedness to HIV-2.
Conclusions:
- SIV/Mne is pathogenic in macaques, causing an AIDS-like syndrome.
- SIV isolates exhibit distinct biological and immunological properties.
- Cross-reactivity between SIV and HIV-2 antibodies highlights conserved viral epitopes.