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ω-3 carboxylic acids for hypertriglyceridemia.

Eli M Roth1

  • 1Cardiology University of Cincinnati, Sterling Research Group , 375 Glensprings Dr. 2nd Floor, Cincinnati, OH 45246 USA +1 513 671 8080 ; +1 513 671 8090 eroth@sterlingresearch.org.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|December 7, 2014
PubMed
Summary

New omega-3 carboxylic acids (ω3 CA) formulations, containing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), effectively lower triglycerides (TG). This enhanced bioavailability offers improved patient compliance due to lower doses and no meal restrictions.

Keywords:
DHAEPAEpanovafish oiltriglyceridesω-3ω-3 carboxylic acidsω-3 free fatty acids

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Pharmacology
  • Lipid Metabolism
  • Nutraceuticals

Background:

  • Omega-3 carboxylic acids (ω3 CA), also known as omega-3 free fatty acids (ω3 FFA), represent a novel formulation of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
  • This formulation is approved for managing severe hypertriglyceridemia.
  • The free fatty acid form exhibits superior bioavailability compared to other omega-3 fatty acid preparations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of ω3 CA based on clinical trial data.
  • To examine pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties.
  • To discuss the triglyceride-lowering mechanisms and compare ω3 CA with omega-3 ethyl ester compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data on ω3 CA efficacy and safety.
  • Analysis of PK and PD data.
  • Discussion of the mechanism of action for triglyceride reduction.

Main Results:

  • ω3 CA demonstrated significant triglyceride reduction: 26% at 2 g/day and 31% at 4 g/day.
  • Apolipoprotein CIII (Apo CIII) levels were also reduced by 11% (2 g/day) and 14% (4 g/day).
  • The free fatty acid form offers potential for lower-dose efficacy and reduced meal dependency.

Conclusions:

  • ω3 CA present a unique and effective option for lowering serum triglycerides.
  • The formulation is associated with a favorable safety profile.
  • Potential for enhanced patient compliance due to efficacy at lower doses and flexibility in administration (with or without food).