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Late-preterm birth and neonatal morbidities: population-level and within-family estimates

Nancy E Reichman1, Julien O Teitler2, Sophie Moullin3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ.

Annals of Epidemiology
|December 8, 2014
PubMed

Insights

Late-preterm birth significantly increases risks for respiratory disorders and hyperbilirubinemia in newborns. This risk persists even when comparing siblings, highlighting the impact of premature birth on infant health.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal outcomes
  • Perinatology
  • Public health

Background:

  • Late-preterm infants (34-36 weeks) and full-term infants (37-41 weeks) represent distinct gestational age groups.
  • Neonatal respiratory disorders and hyperbilirubinemia are common adverse outcomes in newborns.
  • Understanding risks associated with different gestational ages is crucial for neonatal care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare neonatal respiratory disorders and hyperbilirubinemia in late-preterm versus full-term infants.
  • To analyze these outcomes at both the population level and within families.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized New Jersey natality and hospital discharge data (1996-2006).
  • Employed population-level logistic regression models.
  • Conducted within-family analyses using logistic fixed-effects models.

Main Results:

  • Late-preterm birth showed a >4-fold increased odds of neonatal respiratory conditions (OR, 4.08-4.53).
  • Late-preterm birth demonstrated a >5-fold increased odds of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (OR, 5.11-5.93).
  • These increased odds persisted even after controlling for intrafamilial factors.

Conclusions:

  • Late-preterm birth is a significant risk factor for adverse neonatal outcomes.
  • Findings reinforce the importance of gestational age in neonatal health.
  • Adverse outcomes in late-preterm infants may have long-term implications.
Abstract

Keywords:
Late pretermNear termNeonatal hyperbilirubinemiaNeonatal jaundiceNeonatal morbiditiesNeonatal respiratory conditionsWithin-family analyses

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