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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

19.7K
The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Inflammation: Introduction01:28

Inflammation: Introduction

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Inflammation is a fundamental, protective biological response of vascularized tissues to cellular injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. Its primary function is to eliminate the initial cause of injury, clear necrotic cells and damaged tissue, and initiate the necessary repair processes.Cardinal SignsAcute inflammation presents with classic signs. Redness results from vasodilation and increased blood flow. Heat is due to increased metabolism and circulation. Swelling results from the...
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Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

19.9K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Visualizing Stromule Frequency with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Visualizing Stromule Frequency with Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: November 23, 2016

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Stroma: fertile soil for inflammation.

Rikesh Patel1, Andrew Filer1, Francesca Barone1

  • 1Rheumatology Research Group, Center for Translational Inflammation Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.

Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology
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Stromal cells in rheumatoid synovium drive chronic inflammation and joint destruction. Targeting these pathogenic stromal cells may offer a cure for rheumatoid arthritis and similar immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.

Keywords:
FibroblastInflammationRheumatoid arthritisStromaStromal cellSynovium

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Biological therapies have improved rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management but do not offer cures.
  • The persistence of chronic inflammation in RA synovium, despite absent continuous stimulation, remains unexplained.
  • The role of stromal cells in RA pathogenesis is increasingly recognized, challenging their passive paradigm.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of rheumatoid synovium stromal cells in the immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis.
  • To explore the potential of targeting stromal cells for a cure in chronic inflammatory disorders.

Main Methods:

  • This study reviews current evidence on the immunological functions of rheumatoid synovium stromal cells.
  • Analysis of immune mechanisms by which stromal cells contribute to chronic inflammation and joint destruction.

Main Results:

  • Stromal cells are actively involved in transforming acute inflammation into a chronic, persistent state in RA.
  • These cells utilize various immune mechanisms to sustain synovial inflammation and promote joint destruction.

Conclusions:

  • Stromal cells play a critical role in the chronicity and persistence of rheumatoid arthritis.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting pathogenic stromal cells represent a promising, yet unexplored, avenue for achieving a cure in RA.