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MRI with and without a high-density EEG cap--what makes the difference?

Carina Klein1, Jürgen Hänggi1, Roger Luechinger2

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Simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can degrade structural MRI data quality. Researchers recommend avoiding simultaneous EEG-MRI for anatomical analysis due to artifact influence.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Combining electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers synergistic benefits for neuroscience research.
  • Existing research primarily focuses on mitigating MRI artifacts in EEG data.
  • A potential negative impact of EEG on MRI data quality remains less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of simultaneous EEG recording on the morphometric measurements of T1-weighted MRI data.
  • To assess the impact of EEG on cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volumes.
  • To evaluate signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in anatomical and functional MRI during simultaneous EEG-MRI acquisition.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on the impact of EEG on T1-weighted MRI morphometry (voxel-based and surface-based).
  • Analysis of local field inhomogeneities (B0 and B1) caused by EEG.
  • Comparison of SNR for anatomical and functional MRI data with and without simultaneous EEG.

Main Results:

  • EEG significantly influences cortical thickness, surface area, and volume, as well as subcortical volumes.
  • Simultaneous EEG acquisition consistently lowers SNR for anatomical and functional MRI.
  • T2*-weighted images provide reliable results irrespective of EEG cap presence during preprocessing.

Conclusions:

  • Simultaneous EEG recording introduces artifacts that compromise the quality of structural MRI morphometric analysis.
  • Lowered SNR in anatomical and functional MRI data during concurrent EEG-MRI acquisition is a significant concern.
  • Structural MRI data acquired during simultaneous EEG-MRI should not be used for anatomical analysis.