Turf toe and sesamoiditis: what the radiologist needs to know

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
• Biomechanics
• Podiatry

Background:

• The first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint complex is crucial for weight-bearing and athletic activities.
• Injuries such as turf toe are prevalent in sports like football and soccer.
• Pain in the hallux sesamoids, often termed sesamoiditis, can stem from various causes beyond acute trauma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of the anatomy and biomechanics of the first MTP joint complex.
• To discuss common injury patterns and pathologies affecting the first MTP joint.
• To outline imaging techniques and management strategies for first MTP joint conditions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of anatomical, biomechanical, and clinical studies.
• Analysis of injury mechanisms and patholophysiology.
• Synthesis of current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

• Detailed description of the first MTP joint's anatomical structures and biomechanical functions.
• Classification of injuries including acute (turf toe) and chronic conditions (sesamoiditis).
• Overview of differential diagnoses encompassing arthritis, infarct, and infection.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the biomechanics of the first MTP joint is key to diagnosing and managing injuries.
• A range of pathologies can affect the first MTP joint, requiring diverse diagnostic and management strategies.
• This review serves as a resource for clinicians managing first MTP joint disorders.