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P-N junction

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...

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Well-aligned Vertically Oriented ZnO Nanorod Arrays and their Application in Inverted Small Molecule Solar Cells

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Published on: April 25, 2018

Optimal top electrodes for inverted polymer solar cells.

Hye Rim Yeom¹, Jungwoo Heo, Gi-Hwan Kim

¹School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 698-798, South Korea. jykim@unist.ac.kr brightium@unist.ac.kr.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP

|December 9, 2014

Summary

Silver (Ag) is the optimal top electrode for polymer solar cells (PSCs). Ag electrodes offer high short-circuit current density and good air stability, crucial for practical PSC fabrication.

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Published on: March 2, 2021

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Renewable Energy

Background:

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) require high performance, air stability, and cost-effective manufacturing for commercial viability.
The choice of top electrode significantly impacts PSC optical properties and overall device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify the optimal top electrode material for practical PSC fabrication.
To investigate the influence of electrode material on optical properties and performance of inverted PSC devices.

Main Methods:

Evaluated optical properties of eight metals as potential top electrodes.
Fabricated inverted PSCs using aluminum (Al), silver (Ag), and gold (Au) electrodes with PTB7:PC71BM active layer.
Analyzed photovoltaic parameters, focusing on short-circuit current density (JSC).

Main Results:

Al and Ag electrodes showed approximately 13% higher JSC (13.4 to 15.1 mA cm(-2)) compared to Au.
Gold (Au) exhibited significant parasitic light absorption below 600 nm, reducing JSC.
Silver (Ag) electrodes maintained over 96% of initial efficiency after 170 hours of ambient exposure, comparable to Au.

Conclusions:

Silver (Ag) is the optimal top electrode for inverted PSCs due to superior optical properties and good stability.
High reflectance across the visible spectrum by Al and Ag electrodes contributes to higher JSC.
Ag offers a promising combination of performance and stability for practical PSC applications.