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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

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Overview
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Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

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Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
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Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

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Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Adult vaccination.

Kena A Swanson1, H Josef Schmitt, Kathrin U Jansen

  • 1a Pfizer Vaccine Research and Early Development; Pearl River, NY USA.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|December 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult vaccination rates lag behind pediatric programs, despite recommendations for boosters and vaccines against pneumococcal disease, influenza, and herpes zoster. New strategies are needed to improve adult immunization and combat infectious diseases, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Keywords:
Clostridium difficileStaphylococcus aureusinfectious diseasepneumococcal diseasevaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Childhood vaccinations significantly reduce infectious disease morbidity and mortality globally.
  • Older adults exhibit diminished immune responses to vaccines, often exacerbated by chronic health conditions.
  • Adults face increased risks from infectious diseases, including antibiotic-resistant bacteria like MRSA and C. difficile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the disparity in vaccination uptake between pediatric and adult populations.
  • To underscore the unmet medical need for effective adult immunization strategies.
  • To emphasize the urgency for novel approaches to enhance adult vaccination rates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing vaccination recommendations for adults, including boosters for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
  • Analysis of recommended vaccines for older adults: pneumococcal disease, influenza, and herpes zoster.
  • Examination of factors contributing to low adult vaccine uptake and the rise of antibiotic resistance.

Main Results:

  • Adult vaccination rates trail behind successful pediatric programs.
  • Antibiotic overuse has led to the emergence of resistant pathogens and increased susceptibility to infections like C. difficile in the elderly.
  • Infectious diseases represent a significant unmet medical need in the adult population.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for improved strategies to increase adult vaccination coverage.
  • Addressing the challenges in adult immunization is essential for public health.
  • Novel concepts are required to overcome barriers and enhance the implementation of adult vaccination programs.