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Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder
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Autophagy and ethanol neurotoxicity.

Jia Luo1

  • 1a Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences ; University of Kentucky College of Medicine ; Lexington , KY USA.

Autophagy
|December 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Ethanol exposure harms the developing brain, causing fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Autophagy, a cellular process, protects neurons from ethanol-induced damage, offering a potential therapeutic target.

Keywords:
AD, Alzheimer diseaseALS, autophagy-lysosome systemAMPK, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase;ATG, autophagy-relatedCNS, central nervous systemER, endoplasmic reticulumFASD, fetal alcohol spectrum disordersFOXO3, forkhead box O3GSK3B, glycogen synthase kinase 3 βHD, Huntington disease, HNSCs, hippocampal neural stem cellsLC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase)MTORC1, MTOR complex 1NFE2L2, nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2NOX, NADPH oxidasePD, Parkinson diseasePI3K, class I phosphoinositide 3-kinaseROS, reactive oxygen speciesSQSTM1/p62, sequestosome 1TSC1/2, tuberous sclerosis 1/ 2UPR, unfolded protein responsealcoholalcoholismdevelopmentfetal alcohol spectrum disordersneurodegenerationoxidative stressprotein degradation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Prenatal ethanol exposure causes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), characterized by devastating neuronal loss.
  • Developing brains are particularly vulnerable to ethanol's neurotoxic effects, leading to cognitive and behavioral deficits.
  • Understanding ethanol's impact on the central nervous system (CNS) is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of autophagy in protecting the developing brain from ethanol-induced neurotoxicity.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which ethanol affects autophagy and neuronal survival.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting autophagy for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on ethanol neurotoxicity and autophagy.
  • Analysis of studies investigating ethanol's effects on autophagy-related genes and proteins in the CNS.
  • Examination of signaling pathways involved in ethanol-induced autophagy and neuroprotection.

Main Results:

  • Ethanol activates autophagy in the developing brain, acting as a protective mechanism against neuroapoptosis.
  • Autophagic preconditioning alleviates ethanol-induced neuronal apoptosis, while autophagy inhibition exacerbates it.
  • Ethanol-induced neurotoxicity involves oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alterations in key signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Autophagy plays a critical role in mitigating ethanol-induced neurotoxicity in the developing brain.
  • Targeting autophagic pathways presents a promising therapeutic avenue for fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
  • Further research into the complex interplay between ethanol, autophagy, and CNS development is warranted.