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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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Introduction: MRI and CT scans are crucial advancements in medical imaging techniques, playing a vital role in diagnosing conditions related to the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Each scan serves distinct purposes, targets specific areas, and requires unique nursing duties.
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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
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X-ray techniques for innovation in industry.

Krystyna Lawniczak-Jablonska1, Jeffrey Cutler2

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Large-scale synchrotron facilities offer advanced materials characterization tools, fostering industry-research collaborations. These photon-based methods solve R&D challenges, driving innovation in diverse product sectors.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photon Science
  • Industrial Research

Background:

  • European Horizon 2020 promotes smart specialization and R&D collaboration.
  • Public-private partnerships are increasingly required for research funding.
  • Large-scale facilities like synchrotrons are well-positioned to support applied research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of synchrotron facilities in applied industrial research.
  • To highlight advanced materials characterization techniques.
  • To showcase successful industry-research collaborations and lessons learned.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing synchrotron light sources for advanced materials characterization.
  • Employing techniques such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy, diffraction, tomography, and scattering.
  • Developing and refining data analysis codes for reliable characterization.

Main Results:

  • Synchrotron tools provide valuable solutions for materials characterization and R&D issues.
  • Photon research has contributed to product development in plastics, cosmetics, chemicals, construction, packaging, and pharmaceuticals.
  • Successful collaborations demonstrate the exploitation of research infrastructure by industry.

Conclusions:

  • Synchrotron facilities are crucial for applied research and industrial innovation.
  • Advanced photon-based characterization techniques enable problem-solving across various sectors.
  • Initiatives like the Science Link project can enhance commercial user engagement with large-scale facilities.