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Underreporting in alcohol surveys: whose drinking is underestimated?

Michael Livingston1, Sarah Callinan2

  • 1Drug Policy Modelling Program, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia, Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, Turning Point, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.

Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs
|December 9, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Alcohol consumption underreporting in surveys varies significantly across different demographic and drinking groups. Standard adjustment methods may not accurately reflect true alcohol intake, necessitating improved data correction techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Survey Methodology

Background:

  • Population surveys often underestimate alcohol consumption by 40-50%.
  • Researchers commonly apply uniform adjustments to survey data to align with sales or tax data.
  • This study investigates differential underestimation rates in self-reported alcohol consumption data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare underestimation rates of alcohol consumption between two major Australian population surveys.
  • To identify demographic and behavioral subgroups with differential rates of underreporting.
  • To inform more accurate methods for adjusting alcohol consumption survey data.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of data from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS) and the International Alcohol Control Study (IAC) in Australia.
  • NDSHS used graduated-frequency questions (55% coverage); IAC used within-location beverage-specific questions (86% coverage).
  • Analysis of age, sex, and heavy episodic drinking subgroups.

Main Results:

  • Graduated-frequency questions (NDSHS) underestimated consumption by 33% compared to beverage-specific questions (IAC).
  • Higher underestimation observed in young males (40%) and middle-aged females (49%).
  • Lower underestimation in young females (15%); older females showed higher estimates in NDSHS (19% higher than IAC). Infrequent heavy episodic drinkers underestimated consumption more (43%) than frequent drinkers (22%).

Conclusions:

  • Underreporting of alcohol consumption in population surveys is not uniform across demographic or consumption subgroups.
  • Standard graduated-frequency questions lead to differential underestimation.
  • More robust methods are needed to adjust survey data to match objective consumption measures.