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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Modern Molecular Taxonomy01:29

Modern Molecular Taxonomy

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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources
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Primer Extension Capture: Targeted Sequence Retrieval from Heavily Degraded DNA Sources

Published on: September 3, 2009

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Ancient genomics.

Clio Der Sarkissian1, Morten E Allentoft1, María C Ávila-Arcos1

  • 1Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|December 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ancient DNA (aDNA) technology has advanced, enabling whole genome sequencing from degraded samples. This revolution in genomics provides new insights into human evolution, migration, and ancient life.

Keywords:
ancient DNAgenomicsnext generation sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Paleogenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Ancient DNA (aDNA) research was historically limited to mitochondrial DNA and a few nuclear markers.
  • Degraded DNA molecules and contamination issues posed significant challenges in previous studies.

Observation:

  • Next-generation sequencing platforms provide massive throughput, enabling retrieval of whole genomes from the deep past.
  • Short and degraded DNA molecules can now be targeted effectively.
  • Increased sequence reads allow for efficient and confident quantification of contamination.

Findings:

  • Whole genomes from ancient humans, archaic hominins, pathogens, and megafauna have been successfully sequenced.
  • This has revealed functional and phenotypic information, alongside unexpected patterns of adaptation, migration, and admixture.
  • The field has entered a new era of genomics, moving beyond previous limitations.

Implications:

  • aDNA genomics provides valuable data for testing hypotheses about past populations and evolutionary processes.
  • It enhances our understanding of human history, disease evolution, and past ecosystems.
  • The technological advancements continue to push the boundaries of what can be learned from ancient specimens.