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Developing an acupuncture protocol for treating phantom limb pain: a Delphi consensus study.

Esmé G Trevelyan1, Warren A Turner1, Nicola Robinson1

  • 1Faculty of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK.

Acupuncture in Medicine : Journal of the British Medical Acupuncture Society
|December 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Acupuncture practitioners reached consensus on a treatment protocol for phantom limb pain (PLP). This study outlines a preliminary Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) approach for PLP management.

Keywords:
ACUPUNCTURECOMPLEMENTARY MEDICINEPAIN MANAGEMENT

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Area of Science:

  • Pain Management
  • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Limited understanding exists regarding Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for phantom limb pain (PLP).
  • No standardized acupuncture protocol for PLP is currently established in scientific literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish practitioner consensus on phantom limb pain (PLP) pathology and treatment.
  • To develop a preliminary acupuncture protocol for managing PLP.

Main Methods:

  • A classical Delphi approach was employed with two groups: experienced (TPLP) and non-experienced (NTPLP) practitioners.
  • Online surveys and case studies were used over three rounds to gather and refine treatment recommendations.
  • Consensus was defined by specific statistical criteria (≤1.75 IQR, median 5-6).

Main Results:

  • 19 practitioners completed the study, generating numerous treatment statements.
  • A significant percentage of statements achieved consensus by round 2 (53% NTPLP, 62% TPLP) and round 3 (45% NTPLP, 44% TPLP).
  • All participants agreed on the final developed acupuncture protocol.

Conclusions:

  • A preliminary consensus-based acupuncture protocol for phantom limb pain (PLP) was successfully developed.
  • This protocol represents a starting point for practitioners, not definitive best practice.