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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Reprograming Model of Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages for In-vitro Assays
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mTOR trains heightened macrophage responses.

Tiffany Horng1

  • 1Department of Genetics & Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.

Trends in Immunology
|December 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Macrophage training provides innate immunity against secondary infections. This process involves epigenetic changes regulated by the mTOR pathway and metabolic reprogramming.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Innate immune memory, or 'trained immunity', enhances protection against secondary infections independently of adaptive immunity.
  • Macrophage training is a key mechanism underlying trained immunity, offering protection beyond the initial encounter.

Discussion:

  • Two recent studies reveal that macrophage training involves genome-wide epigenetic modifications.
  • The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway and metabolic reprogramming are identified as crucial regulators of this epigenetic reprogramming.

Key Insights:

  • Macrophage training establishes lasting epigenetic changes, contributing to enhanced immune surveillance.
  • Metabolic shifts and mTOR signaling are critical for establishing and maintaining trained immunity.

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Outlook:

  • Further research into macrophage training could lead to novel vaccination strategies and immunotherapies.
  • Understanding these epigenetic and metabolic mechanisms may unlock new ways to boost innate immune responses.