Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

32.2K
Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
32.2K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

50.1K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than...
50.1K
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects01:26

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Stoichiometric Point Defects

101
Schottky defects arise when some lattice points in a crystal, such as those in NaCl, remain unoccupied, creating lattice vacancies without disturbing the overall electrical neutrality of the crystal. This defect is common in ionic crystals where the positive and negative ions are similar in size, as seen in sodium chloride and cesium chloride. The presence of Schottky defects enables the crystal to conduct electricity to a small extent through an ionic mechanism. Electric fields cause nearby...
101
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects01:29

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Non-Stoichiometric Defects

101
Non-stoichiometric defects refer to a type of defect in the crystal structure of a compound where the ratio of its constituent elements deviates from the ideal stoichiometric ratio. There are two main types of non-stoichiometric defects: metal excess defects and metal deficiency defects.Metal excess defects occur when there is a slight surplus of metal ions than what is required by the stoichiometric ratio of the compound. For example, heating a sodium chloride crystal in sodium vapor results...
101
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

21.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and...
21.6K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
11.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Excellent Overall Water Splitting Catalyst of Single Phase 6H Triple Perovskite Ba<sub>3</sub>Co(Co<sub>0.25</sub>Ru<sub>0.75</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>9</sub> at 1 A cm<sup>-2</sup> for 1000 h.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Structural Distortions and Magnetic Ordering in <i>Ae</i><sub>2</sub>FeO<sub>3</sub>Cu<i>Ch</i> (<i>Ae</i> = Ca, Sr; <i>Ch</i> = S, Se) Oxide Chalcogenides.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Fully Textured Monolithic Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/Silicon Tandem for Unbiased and Stable Solar-Driven Water Splitting Paired with Iodide Oxidation Reaction.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Outstanding T<sub>C</sub> Enhancement in 5d-3d Y<sub>2</sub>NiIrO<sub>6</sub> by Compression.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Pressure-Induced 18 K Superconductivity and Two Superconducting Phases in CuIr_{2}S_{4}.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

3D Unconventional Superconductivity in Bulk LaO.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

9.1K

Hole doping and structural transformation in CsTl1-xHgxCl3.

Maria Retuerto1, Zhiping Yin, Thomas J Emge

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.

Inorganic Chemistry
|December 10, 2014
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored mercury-doped cesium thallium chloride perovskites for superconductivity. Despite creating a series of CsTl(1-x)HgxCl(3) compounds, none exhibited superconductivity, with calculations confirming their insulating nature.

More Related Videos

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
11:54

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Published on: February 8, 2018

10.9K
Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

2.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses
08:55

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

9.1K
Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures
11:54

Growth and Electrostatic/chemical Properties of Metal/LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures

Published on: February 8, 2018

10.9K
Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

Author Spotlight: Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: June 9, 2023

2.9K

Area of Science:

  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Theoretical predictions suggested CsTlCl(3) and CsTlF(3) perovskites could become superconductors with hole doping.
  • Pure CsTlCl(3) exists in tetragonal and cubic polymorphs, while CsTlF(3) is cubic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential for inducing superconductivity in CsTlCl(3) by substituting thallium (Tl) with mercury (Hg).
  • To synthesize and characterize the series CsTl(1-x)HgxCl(3) to explore structural and electronic properties.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of the solid solution series CsTl(1-x)HgxCl(3) for various Hg concentrations (x = 0.0 to 0.8).
  • X-ray diffraction (XRD) for structural analysis and phase identification.
  • X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to determine the valence states of Tl.
  • Raman spectroscopy to analyze vibrational modes.
  • First-principle calculations to assess electronic properties and stability.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure evolved from tetragonal to cubic with increasing Hg content.
  • Solid solutions were not formed for all compositions (x = 0.4, 0.5).
  • All synthesized CsTl(1-x)HgxCl(3) samples were found to be insulators, showing no signs of superconductivity.
  • XAS confirmed a mixed-valence state of Tl(+) and Tl(3+) across the series.
  • Raman spectroscopy revealed characteristic Tl-Cl-Tl and Tl-Cl-Hg vibrational modes.

Conclusions:

  • Mercury is not an effective dopant for inducing superconductivity in the CsTlCl(3) system.
  • The synthesized mercury-substituted perovskites are stable insulators in their ground state.
  • Further research may be needed to explore alternative doping strategies or related materials for superconductivity.