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Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles in Three Dimensions
Published on: August 26, 2021
Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles in host-pathogen interactions
Jeffrey S Schorey1, Yong Cheng2, Prachi P Singh2
1Department of Biological Sciences, Eck Institute for Global Health University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA schorey.1@nd.edu.
Abstract:
An effective immune response requires the engagement of host receptors by pathogen-derived molecules and the stimulation of an appropriate cellular response. Therefore, a crucial factor in our ability to control an infection is the accessibility of our immune cells to the foreign material. Exosomes-which are extracellular vesicles that function in intercellular communication-may play a key role in the dissemination of pathogen- as well as host-derived molecules during infection. In this review, we highlight the composition and function of exosomes and other extracellular vesicles produced during viral, parasitic, fungal and bacterial infections and describe how these vesicles could function to either promote or inhibit host immunity.
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