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Updated: Apr 19, 2026
Author Spotlight: Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Landmark Annotation Demonstration on Human Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scans
Published on: September 8, 2023
Location of facial foramina and mandibular angle from cone beam computed tomographic scans
Gülnur Özgüner1, Derya Yildirim, Esra Koyuncu
1From the *Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, and †Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
Purpose:
The current study's purpose was to determine morphometric analysis of all facial foramina and mandibular angle relative to surgical landmarks from cone beam computed tomographic scans.
Materials And Methods:
Three-dimensional computed tomographic scans were reconstructed from data of 100 patients (200 sides) aged between 19 and 76 years. Morphometric measurements of all facial foramina relative to surgical landmarks were taken. Mandibular angle was measured.
Results:
There was no statistically significant difference between the left and right sides for all parameters (P > 0.05). Therefore, we found bilateral symmetry in the position of all facial foramina and mandibular angle. However, statistically significant differences were determined in sexes in some of these parameters and mandibular angle.
Conclusions:
The knowledge about locations of facial foramina and mandibular angle is important for performing local nerve block and surgery in the face to avoid the neurovascular structures. This study provides a guideline for locations of facial foramina and mandibular angle, which may help surgeons to understand the nerve location precisely during surgery.
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